Retinal G protein coupled receptor

Identifiers

External IDs

OMIM: 600342 MGI: 1929473 HomoloGene: 37709 GeneCards: RGR Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • protein binding • photoreceptor activity
Cellular component	• integral to plasma membrane • membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • visual perception • phototransduction • protein-chromophore linkage • response to stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 10:
86 – 86.02 Mb

Chr 14:
37.85 – 37.86 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

RPE-retinal G protein-coupled receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGR gene.^[1]^[2]

Defects in this gene are a cause of retinitis pigmentosa. The gene is a member of the rhodopsin-like receptor subfamily of GPCR. Like other opsins which bind retinaldehyde, it contains a conserved lysine residue in the seventh transmembrane domain. The protein presumably acts as a photoisomerase to catalyze the conversion of all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal, similar to retinochrome in invertebrates. The reverse isomerization occurs with rhodopsin in retinal photoreceptor cells. The protein is exclusively expressed in tissue adjacent to retinal photoreceptor cells, the retinal pigment epithelium and Mueller cells. This gene may be associated with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (arRP and adRP, respectively). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.^[2]

Interactions

Retinal G protein coupled receptor has been shown to interact with KIAA1279.^[3]

References

^ Chen XN, Korenberg JR, Jiang M, Shen D, Fong HK (Jul 1996). "Localization of the human RGR opsin gene to chromosome 10q23". Hum Genet 97 (6): 720–2. doi:10.1007/BF02346179. PMID 8641686.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: RGR retinal G protein coupled receptor". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5995.
^ Rual, Jean-François; Venkatesan Kavitha, Hao Tong, Hirozane-Kishikawa Tomoko, Dricot Amélie, Li Ning, Berriz Gabriel F, Gibbons Francis D, Dreze Matija, Ayivi-Guedehoussou Nono, Klitgord Niels, Simon Christophe, Boxem Mike, Milstein Stuart, Rosenberg Jennifer, Goldberg Debra S, Zhang Lan V, Wong Sharyl L, Franklin Giovanni, Li Siming, Albala Joanna S, Lim Janghoo, Fraughton Carlene, Llamosas Estelle, Cevik Sebiha, Bex Camille, Lamesch Philippe, Sikorski Robert S, Vandenhaute Jean, Zoghbi Huda Y, Smolyar Alex, Bosak Stephanie, Sequerra Reynaldo, Doucette-Stamm Lynn, Cusick Michael E, Hill David E, Roth Frederick P, Vidal Marc (Oct. 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature (England) 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.

Jiang M, Shen D, Tao L et al. (1995). "Alternative splicing in human retinal mRNA transcripts of an opsin-related protein". Exp. Eye Res. 60 (4): 401–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(05)80096-X. PMID 7789419.
Shen D, Jiang M, Hao W et al. (1994). "A human opsin-related gene that encodes a retinaldehyde-binding protein". Biochemistry 33 (44): 13117–25. doi:10.1021/bi00248a022. PMID 7947717.
Morimura H, Saindelle-Ribeaudeau F, Berson EL, Dryja TP (1999). "Mutations in RGR, encoding a light-sensitive opsin homologue, in patients with retinitis pigmentosa". Nat. Genet. 23 (4): 393–4. doi:10.1038/70496. PMID 10581022.
Chen P, Lee TD, Fong HK (2001). "Interaction of 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase with the chromophore of retinal g protein-coupled receptor opsin". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (24): 21098–104. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010441200. PMID 11274198.
Yang M, Fong HK (2002). "Synthesis of the all-trans-retinal chromophore of retinal G protein-coupled receptor opsin in cultured pigment epithelial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3318–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108946200. PMID 11723126.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Bellingham J, Wells DJ, Foster RG (2003). "In silico characterisation and chromosomal localisation of human RRH (peropsin) – implications for opsin evolution". BMC Genomics 4: 3. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-4-3. PMC 149353. PMID 12542842. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=149353.
Tarttelin EE, Bellingham J, Bibb LC et al. (2003). "Expression of opsin genes early in ocular development of humans and mice". Exp. Eye Res. 76 (3): 393–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(02)00300-7. PMID 12573668.
Bernal S, Calaf M, Garcia-Hoyos M et al. (2003). "Study of the involvement of the RGR, CRPB1, and CRB1 genes in the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa". J. Med. Genet. 40 (7): e89. doi:10.1136/jmg.40.7.e89. PMC 1735523. PMID 12843338. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1735523.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
Zhu L, Imanishi Y, Filipek S et al. (2006). "Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa and E150K Mutation in the Opsin Gene". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (31): 22289–98. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602664200. PMC 1618956. PMID 16737970. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1618956.
Lin MY, Kochounian H, Moore RE et al. (2007). "Deposition of exon-skipping splice isoform of human retinal G protein-coupled receptor from retinal pigment epithelium into Bruch's membrane". Mol. Vis. 13: 1203–14. PMID 17679941.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:
Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A, B, D) · α2 (A, B, C) · β1 · β2 · β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) · P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F) · 5-HT2 (A, B, C) · 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) · Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) · Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) · Melatonin (1A, 1B, 1C) · TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1, 2) · LTB4 (1, 2) · FPRL1 · OXE · Prostaglandin (DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), FP) · Prostacyclin · Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid · Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2, GPR (18, 55, 119)) · EBI2 · Estrogen · Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) · Lactate · Lysophosphatidic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) · Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · Niacin (1, 2) · Oxoglutarate · PAF · Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1, 2) · FF (1, 2) · S · Y (1, 2, 4, 5) · Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) · Neurotensin (1, 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) · Angiotensin (1, 2) · Apelin · Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) · Bradykinin (B1, B2) · Chemokine · Cholecystokinin (A, B) · Endothelin (A, B) · Formyl peptide (1, 2, 3) · FSH · Galanin (1, 2, 3) · GHB receptor · Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) · Ghrelin · Kisspeptin · Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin · MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) · Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · MCHR (1, 2) · Motilin · Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) · Orexin (1, 2) · Oxytocin · Prokineticin (1, 2) · Prolactin-releasing peptide · Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) · Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) · Thyrotropin · Thyrotropin-releasing hormone · Urotensin-II · Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin · Olfactory · Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) · Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) · SREB (1, 2, 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) · Cadherin (1, 2, 3) · Calcitonin · CALCRL · CD97 · Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) · EMR (1, 2, 3) · Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) · Growth hormone releasing hormone · PACAPR1 · GPR · Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) · Methuselah-like proteins · Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) · Secretin · Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)

Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1, 2, 3) · TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor · GABA B (1, 2) · Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) · GPRC6A · GPR (156, 158, 179) · RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4)

Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

Retinal G protein coupled receptor

Interactions

References

Further reading